Bazel accepts many options. Some options are varied frequently (for example,
--subcommands
) while others stay the same across several builds (such as
--package_path
). To avoid specifying these unchanged options for every build
(and other commands), you can specify options in a configuration file, called
.bazelrc
.
Where are the .bazelrc
files?
Bazel looks for optional configuration files in the following locations,
in the order shown below. The options are interpreted in this order, so
options in later files can override a value from an earlier file if a
conflict arises. All options that control which of these files are loaded are
startup options, which means they must occur after bazel
and
before the command (build
, test
, etc).
The system RC file, unless
--nosystem_rc
is present.Path:
- On Linux/macOS/Unixes:
/etc/bazel.bazelrc
- On Windows:
%ProgramData%\bazel.bazelrc
It is not an error if this file does not exist.
If another system-specified location is required, you must build a custom Bazel binary, overriding the
BAZEL_SYSTEM_BAZELRC_PATH
value in//src/main/cpp:option_processor
. The system-specified location may contain environment variable references, such as${VAR_NAME}
on Unix or%VAR_NAME%
on Windows.- On Linux/macOS/Unixes:
The workspace RC file, unless
--noworkspace_rc
is present.Path:
.bazelrc
in your workspace directory (next to the mainWORKSPACE
file).It is not an error if this file does not exist.
The home RC file, unless
--nohome_rc
is present.Path:
- On Linux/macOS/Unixes:
$HOME/.bazelrc
- On Windows:
%USERPROFILE%\.bazelrc
if exists, or%HOME%/.bazelrc
It is not an error if this file does not exist.
- On Linux/macOS/Unixes:
The user-specified RC file, if specified with
--bazelrc=file
This flag is optional but can also be specified multiple times.
/dev/null
indicates that all further--bazelrc
s will be ignored, which is useful to disable the search for a user rc file, such as in release builds.For example:
--bazelrc=x.rc --bazelrc=y.rc --bazelrc=/dev/null --bazelrc=z.rc
x.rc
andy.rc
are read.z.rc
is ignored due to the prior/dev/null
.
In addition to this optional configuration file, Bazel looks for a global rc file. For more details, see the global bazelrc section.
.bazelrc
syntax and semantics
Like all UNIX "rc" files, the .bazelrc
file is a text file with a line-based
grammar. Empty lines and lines starting with #
(comments) are ignored. Each
line contains a sequence of words, which are tokenized according to the same
rules as the Bourne shell.
Imports
Lines that start with import
or try-import
are special: use these to load
other "rc" files. To specify a path that is relative to the workspace root,
write import %workspace%/path/to/bazelrc
.
The difference between import
and try-import
is that Bazel fails if the
import
'ed file is missing (or can't be read), but not so for a try-import
'ed
file.
Import precedence:
- Options in the imported file take precedence over options specified before the import statement.
- Options specified after the import statement take precedence over the options in the imported file.
- Options in files imported later take precedence over files imported earlier.
Option defaults
Most lines of a bazelrc define default option values. The first word on each line specifies when these defaults are applied:
startup
: startup options, which go before the command, and are described inbazel help startup_options
.common
: options that should be applied to all Bazel commands that support them. If a command does not support an option specified in this way, the option is ignored so long as it is valid for some other Bazel command. Note that this only applies to option names: If the current command accepts an option with the specified name, but doesn't support the specified value, it will fail.always
: options that apply to all Bazel commands. If a command does not support an option specified in this way, it will fail.command
: Bazel command, such asbuild
orquery
to which the options apply. These options also apply to all commands that inherit from the specified command. (For example,test
inherits frombuild
.)
Each of these lines may be used more than once and the arguments that follow the
first word are combined as if they had appeared on a single line. (Users of CVS,
another tool with a "Swiss army knife" command-line interface, will find the
syntax similar to that of .cvsrc
.) For example, the lines:
build --test_tmpdir=/tmp/foo --verbose_failures
build --test_tmpdir=/tmp/bar
are combined as:
build --test_tmpdir=/tmp/foo --verbose_failures --test_tmpdir=/tmp/bar
so the effective flags are --verbose_failures
and --test_tmpdir=/tmp/bar
.
Option precedence:
- Options on the command line always take precedence over those in rc files.
For example, if a rc file says
build -c opt
but the command line flag is-c dbg
, the command line flag takes precedence. Within the rc file, precedence is governed by specificity: lines for a more specific command take precedence over lines for a less specific command.
Specificity is defined by inheritance. Some commands inherit options from other commands, making the inheriting command more specific than the base command. For example
test
inherits from thebuild
command, so allbazel build
flags are valid forbazel test
, and allbuild
lines apply also tobazel test
unless there's atest
line for the same option. If the rc file says:test -c dbg --test_env=PATH
build -c opt --verbose_failures
then
bazel build //foo
will use-c opt --verbose_failures
, andbazel test //foo
will use--verbose_failures -c dbg --test_env=PATH
.The inheritance (specificity) graph is:
- Every command inherits from
common
- The following commands inherit from (and are more specific than)
build
:test
,run
,clean
,mobile-install
,info
,print_action
,config
,cquery
, andaquery
coverage
inherits fromtest
- Every command inherits from
Two lines specifying options for the same command at equal specificity are parsed in the order in which they appear within the file.
Because this precedence rule does not match the file order, it helps readability if you follow the precedence order within rc files: start with
common
options at the top, and end with the most-specific commands at the bottom of the file. This way, the order in which the options are read is the same as the order in which they are applied, which is more intuitive.
The arguments specified on a line of an rc file may include arguments that are not options, such as the names of build targets, and so on. These, like the options specified in the same files, have lower precedence than their siblings on the command line, and are always prepended to the explicit list of non- option arguments.
--config
In addition to setting option defaults, the rc file can be used to group options
and provide a shorthand for common groupings. This is done by adding a :name
suffix to the command. These options are ignored by default, but will be
included when the option --config=name
is present,
either on the command line or in a .bazelrc
file, recursively, even inside of
another config definition. The options specified by command:name
will only be
expanded for applicable commands, in the precedence order described above.
--config=foo
expands to the options defined in
the rc files "in-place" so that the options
specified for the config have the same precedence that the --config=foo
option
had.
This syntax does not extend to the use of startup
to set
startup options. Setting
startup:config-name --some_startup_option
in the .bazelrc will be ignored.
Example
Here's an example ~/.bazelrc
file:
# Bob's Bazel option defaults
startup --host_jvm_args=-XX:-UseParallelGC
import /home/bobs_project/bazelrc
build --show_timestamps --keep_going --jobs 600
build --color=yes
query --keep_going
# Definition of --config=memcheck
build:memcheck --strip=never --test_timeout=3600
Other files governing Bazel's behavior
.bazelignore
You can specify directories within the workspace
that you want Bazel to ignore, such as related projects
that use other build systems. Place a file called
.bazelignore
at the root of the workspace
and add the directories you want Bazel to ignore, one per
line. Entries are relative to the workspace root.
The global bazelrc file
Bazel reads optional bazelrc files in this order:
- System rc-file located at
etc/bazel.bazelrc
. - Workspace rc-file located at
$workspace/tools/bazel.rc
. - Home rc-file located at
$HOME/.bazelrc
Each bazelrc file listed here has a corresponding flag which can be used to
disable them (e.g. --nosystem_rc
, --noworkspace_rc
, --nohome_rc
). You can
also make Bazel ignore all bazelrcs by passing the --ignore_all_rc_files
startup option.