本页介绍了输出目录的要求和布局。
要求
输出目录布局要求：
- 如果多个用户在同一设备上构建，不会发生冲突。
- 支持同时在多个工作区中构建。
- 支持在同一工作区中针对多个目标配置进行构建。
- 不会与任何其他工具冲突。
- 易于访问。
- 易于清洁，甚至可以选择性地清洁。
- 明确无误，即使用户在更改为其客户端目录时依赖于符号链接也是如此。
- 每个用户的所有 build 状态都应位于一个目录下（“我想清理所有客户端中的所有 .o 文件。”）
当前布局
目前实现的解决方案：
- 必须从包含代码库边界文件的目录或其子目录调用 Bazel。换句话说，必须从代码库内调用 Bazel。否则，系统会报告错误。
- 在 Linux 上，outputRoot 目录默认为
${XDG_CACHE_HOME}/bazel（如果未设置XDG_CACHE_HOME环境变量，则为~/.cache/bazel）；在 macOS 上，默认为/private/var/tmp；在 Windows 上，如果已设置，则默认为%HOME%，否则默认为%USERPROFILE%，否则为设置FOLDERID_Profile标志后调用SHGetKnownFolderPath()的结果。如果设置了环境变量$TEST_TMPDIR（如在 Bazel 本身的测试中），则该值会替换默认值。 - Bazel 用户的 build 状态位于
outputRoot/_bazel_$USER下方。这称为 outputUserRoot 目录。 outputUserRoot目录下有一个install目录，其中有一个installBase目录，其名称是 Bazel 安装清单的 MD5 哈希。- 系统还会在
outputUserRoot目录下创建一个outputBase目录，其名称是工作区根目录路径名称的 MD5 哈希。例如，如果 Bazel 在工作区根目录/home/user/src/my-project（或与该目录符号连接的目录）中运行，则会创建一个名为/home/user/.cache/bazel/_bazel_user/7ffd56a6e4cb724ea575aba15733d113的输出基础目录。您还可以在工作区根目录中运行echo -n $(pwd) | md5sum来获取 MD5。 - 您可以使用 Bazel 的
--output_base启动选项替换默认的输出基础目录。例如bazel --output_base=/tmp/bazel/output build x/y:z。 - 您还可以使用 Bazel 的
--output_user_root启动选项替换默认的安装基目录和输出基目录。例如：bazel --output_user_root=/tmp/bazel build x/y:z。
“bazel-<workspace-name>”“bazel-out”“bazel-testlogs”和“bazel-bin”的符号链接会放入工作区目录中；这些符号链接指向输出目录中特定于目标的目录中的某些目录。这些符号链接仅供用户使用，因为 Bazel 本身不会使用它们。此外，只有当工作区根目录可写时，才会执行此操作。
布局图
目录的布局如下：
<workspace-name>/ <== The workspace root
bazel-my-project => <..._main> <== Symlink to execRoot
bazel-out => <...bazel-out> <== Convenience symlink to outputPath
bazel-bin => <...bin> <== Convenience symlink to most recent written bin dir $(BINDIR)
bazel-testlogs => <...testlogs> <== Convenience symlink to the test logs directory
/home/user/.cache/bazel/ <== Root for all Bazel output on a machine: outputRoot
_bazel_$USER/ <== Top level directory for a given user depends on the user name:
outputUserRoot
install/
fba9a2c87ee9589d72889caf082f1029/ <== Hash of the Bazel install manifest: installBase
_embedded_binaries/ <== Contains binaries and scripts unpacked from the data section of
the bazel executable on first run (such as helper scripts and the
main Java file BazelServer_deploy.jar)
7ffd56a6e4cb724ea575aba15733d113/ <== Hash of the client's workspace root (such as
/home/user/src/my-project): outputBase
action_cache/ <== Action cache directory hierarchy
This contains the persistent record of the file
metadata (timestamps, and perhaps eventually also MD5
sums) used by the FilesystemValueChecker.
command.log <== A copy of the stdout/stderr output from the most
recent bazel command.
external/ <== The directory that remote repositories are
downloaded/symlinked into.
server/ <== The Bazel server puts all server-related files (such
as socket file, logs, etc) here.
jvm.out <== The debugging output for the server.
execroot/ <== The working directory for all actions. For special
cases such as sandboxing and remote execution, the
actions run in a directory that mimics execroot.
Implementation details, such as where the directories
are created, are intentionally hidden from the action.
Every action can access its inputs and outputs relative
to the execroot directory.
_main/ <== Working tree for the Bazel build & root of symlink forest: execRoot
_bin/ <== Helper tools are linked from or copied to here.
bazel-out/ <== All actual output of the build is under here: outputPath
_tmp/actions/ <== Action output directory. This contains a file with the
stdout/stderr for every action from the most recent
bazel run that produced output.
local_linux-fastbuild/ <== one subdirectory per unique target BuildConfiguration instance;
this is currently encoded
bin/ <== Bazel outputs binaries for target configuration here: $(BINDIR)
foo/bar/_objs/baz/ <== Object files for a cc_* rule named //foo/bar:baz
foo/bar/baz1.o <== Object files from source //foo/bar:baz1.cc
other_package/other.o <== Object files from source //other_package:other.cc
foo/bar/baz <== foo/bar/baz might be the artifact generated by a cc_binary named
//foo/bar:baz
foo/bar/baz.runfiles/ <== The runfiles symlink farm for the //foo/bar:baz executable.
MANIFEST
_main/
...
genfiles/ <== Bazel puts generated source for the target configuration here:
$(GENDIR)
foo/bar.h such as foo/bar.h might be a headerfile generated by //foo:bargen
testlogs/ <== Bazel internal test runner puts test log files here
foo/bartest.log such as foo/bar.log might be an output of the //foo:bartest test with
foo/bartest.status foo/bartest.status containing exit status of the test (such as
PASSED or FAILED (Exit 1), etc)
host/ <== BuildConfiguration for build host (user's workstation), for
building prerequisite tools, that will be used in later stages
of the build (ex: Protocol Compiler)
<packages>/ <== Packages referenced in the build appear as if under a regular workspace
RunfilesSupport 指向的位置中更详细地记录了 *.runfiles 目录的布局。
bazel clean
bazel clean 对 outputPath 和 action_cache 目录执行 rm -rf。它还会移除工作区符号链接。--expunge 选项将清理整个 outputBase。