Compiling Bazel from Source

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This page describes how to install Bazel from source and provides troubleshooting tips for common issues.

To build Bazel from source, you can do one of the following:

Build Bazel using Bazel

Summary

  1. Get the latest Bazel release from the GitHub release page or with Bazelisk.

  2. Download Bazel's sources from GitHub and extract somewhere. Alternatively you can git clone the source tree from https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel

  3. Install the same prerequisites as for bootstrapping (see for Unix-like systems or for Windows)

  4. Build a development build of Bazel using Bazel: bazel build //src:bazel-dev (or bazel build //src:bazel-dev.exe on Windows)

  5. The resulting binary is at bazel-bin/src/bazel-dev (or bazel-bin\src\bazel-dev.exe on Windows). You can copy it wherever you like and use immediately without further installation.

Detailed instructions follow below.

Step 1: Get the latest Bazel release

Goal: Install or download a release version of Bazel. Make sure you can run it by typing bazel in a terminal.

Reason: To build Bazel from a GitHub source tree, you need a pre-existing Bazel binary. You can install one from a package manager or download one from GitHub. See Installing Bazel. (Or you can build from scratch (bootstrap).)

Troubleshooting:

  • If you cannot run Bazel by typing bazel in a terminal:

    • Maybe your Bazel binary's directory is not on the PATH.

      This is not a big problem. Instead of typing bazel, you will need to type the full path.

    • Maybe the Bazel binary itself is not called bazel (on Unixes) or bazel.exe (on Windows).

      This is not a big problem. You can either rename the binary, or type the binary's name instead of bazel.

    • Maybe the binary is not executable (on Unixes).

      You must make the binary executable by running chmod +x /path/to/bazel.

Step 2: Download Bazel's sources from GitHub

If you are familiar with Git, then just git clone https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel

Otherwise:

  1. Download the latest sources as a zip file.

  2. Extract the contents somewhere.

    For example create a bazel-src directory under your home directory and extract there.

Step 3: Install prerequisites

Install the same prerequisites as for bootstrapping (see below) -- JDK, C++ compiler, MSYS2 (if you are building on Windows), etc.

Step 4a: Build Bazel on Ubuntu Linux, macOS, and other Unix-like systems

For instructions for Windows, see Build Bazel on Windows.

Goal: Run Bazel to build a custom Bazel binary (bazel-bin/src/bazel-dev).

Instructions:

  1. Start a Bash terminal

  2. cd into the directory where you extracted (or cloned) Bazel's sources.

    For example if you extracted the sources under your home directory, run:

    cd ~/bazel-src

  3. Build Bazel from source:

    bazel build //src:bazel-dev

    Alternatively you can run bazel build //src:bazel --compilation_mode=opt to yield a smaller binary but it's slower to build.

    You can build with --stamp --embed_label=X.Y.Z flag to embed a Bazel version for the binary so that bazel --version outputs the given version.

  4. The output will be at bazel-bin/src/bazel-dev (or bazel-bin/src/bazel).

Step 4b: Build Bazel on Windows

For instructions for Unix-like systems, see Ubuntu Linux, macOS, and other Unix-like systems.

Goal: Run Bazel to build a custom Bazel binary (bazel-bin\src\bazel-dev.exe).

Instructions:

  1. Start Command Prompt (Start Menu > Run > "cmd.exe")

  2. cd into the directory where you extracted (or cloned) Bazel's sources.

    For example if you extracted the sources under your home directory, run:

    cd %USERPROFILE%\bazel-src

  3. Build Bazel from source:

    bazel build //src:bazel-dev.exe

    Alternatively you can run bazel build //src:bazel.exe --compilation_mode=opt to yield a smaller binary but it's slower to build.

    You can build with --stamp --embed_label=X.Y.Z flag to embed a Bazel version for the binary so that bazel --version outputs the given version.

  4. The output will be at bazel-bin\src\bazel-dev.exe (or bazel-bin\src\bazel.exe).

Step 5: Install the built binary

Actually, there's nothing to install.

The output of the previous step is a self-contained Bazel binary. You can copy it to any directory and use immediately. (It's useful if that directory is on your PATH so that you can run "bazel" everywhere.)

Build Bazel from scratch (bootstrapping)

You can also build Bazel from scratch, without using an existing Bazel binary.

Step 1: Download Bazel's sources (distribution archive)

(This step is the same for all platforms.)

  1. Download bazel-<version>-dist.zip from GitHub, for example bazel-0.28.1-dist.zip.

    Attention:

    • There is a single, architecture-independent distribution archive. There are no architecture-specific or OS-specific distribution archives.
    • These sources are not the same as the GitHub source tree. You have to use the distribution archive to bootstrap Bazel. You cannot use a source tree cloned from GitHub. (The distribution archive contains generated source files that are required for bootstrapping and are not part of the normal Git source tree.)

  2. Unpack the distribution archive somewhere on disk.

    You should verify the signature made by Bazel's release key 3D5919B448457EE0.

Step 2a: Bootstrap Bazel on Ubuntu Linux, macOS, and other Unix-like systems

For instructions for Windows, see Bootstrap Bazel on Windows.

2.1. Install the prerequisites

  • Bash

  • zip, unzip

  • C++ build toolchain

  • JDK. Version 21 is required.

  • Python. Versions 2 and 3 are supported, installing one of them is enough.

For example on Ubuntu Linux you can install these requirements using the following command:

sudo apt-get install build-essential openjdk-21-jdk python zip unzip

2.2. Bootstrap Bazel on Unix

  1. Open a shell or Terminal window.

  2. cd to the directory where you unpacked the distribution archive.

  3. Run the compilation script: env EXTRA_BAZEL_ARGS="--tool_java_runtime_version=local_jdk" bash ./compile.sh.

The compiled output is placed into output/bazel. This is a self-contained Bazel binary, without an embedded JDK. You can copy it anywhere or use it in-place. For convenience, copy this binary to a directory that's on your PATH (such as /usr/local/bin on Linux).

To build the bazel binary in a reproducible way, also set SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH in the "Run the compilation script" step.

Step 2b: Bootstrap Bazel on Windows

For instructions for Unix-like systems, see Bootstrap Bazel on Ubuntu Linux, macOS, and other Unix-like systems.

2.1. Install the prerequisites

  • MSYS2 shell

  • The MSYS2 packages for zip and unzip. Run the following command in the MSYS2 shell:

    pacman -S zip unzip patch

  • The Visual C++ compiler. Install the Visual C++ compiler either as part of Visual Studio 2015 or newer, or by installing the latest Build Tools for Visual Studio 2017.

  • JDK. Version 21 is required.

  • Python. Versions 2 and 3 are supported, installing one of them is enough. You need the Windows-native version (downloadable from https://www.python.org). Versions installed via pacman in MSYS2 will not work.

2.2. Bootstrap Bazel on Windows

  1. Open the MSYS2 shell.

  2. Set the following environment variables:

    • Either BAZEL_VS or BAZEL_VC (they are not the same): Set to the path to the Visual Studio directory (BAZEL_VS) or to the Visual C++ directory (BAZEL_VC). Setting one of them is enough.

    • BAZEL_SH: Path of the MSYS2 bash.exe. See the command in the examples below.

      Do not set this to C:\Windows\System32\bash.exe. (You have that file if you installed Windows Subsystem for Linux.) Bazel does not support this version of bash.exe.

    • PATH: Add the Python directory.

    • JAVA_HOME: Set to the JDK directory.

    Example (using BAZEL_VS):

    export BAZEL_VS="C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/BuildTools"
export BAZEL_SH="$(cygpath -m $(realpath $(which bash)))"
export PATH="/c/python27:$PATH"
export JAVA_HOME="C:/Program Files/Java/jdk-21"

    or (using BAZEL_VC):

    export BAZEL_VC="C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/BuildTools/VC"
export BAZEL_SH="$(cygpath -m $(realpath $(which bash)))"
export PATH="/c/python27:$PATH"
export JAVA_HOME="C:/Program Files/Java/jdk-21"

  3. cd to the directory where you unpacked the distribution archive.

  4. Run the compilation script: env EXTRA_BAZEL_ARGS="--tool_java_runtime_version=local_jdk" ./compile.sh

The compiled output is placed into output/bazel.exe. This is a self-contained Bazel binary, without an embedded JDK. You can copy it anywhere or use it in-place. For convenience, copy this binary to a directory that's on your PATH.

To build the bazel.exe binary in a reproducible way, also set SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH in the "Run the compilation script" step.

You don't need to run Bazel from the MSYS2 shell. You can run Bazel from the Command Prompt (cmd.exe) or PowerShell.